The concept of Transit-oriented
Development (TOD) has been widely
practised in big cities, including Tokyo,
Hong Kong, London, and New York City, to
improve urban lives by integrating land use
and transportation planning (Atmadja and
Bogunovich, 2019; Murray and
Weerappulige, 2021), and addressing
urban-related issues, comprising poverty,
transport emissions, disintegrated urban
system, and lack of affordable housing
(Boarnet et al., 2017; Derakhti and Baeten,
2020). However, TOD poses potential risks
of transit-induced gentrification and
housing inequality (Ahlfeldt and Wendland,
2009; Duncan, 2011). Several countries,
including Thailand, India, Colombia, the US,
and the UK, introduced the inclusionary
housing concept to respond to the risks. In
Indonesia, the Balanced Housing policy was
created to form social harmony in TOD
areas (Mungkasa, 2020; Benson, 2010).
However, its effectiveness is yet to be
studied (Farha, 2017; Maharani, 2015).This
study compares inclusionary housing policy
in Jakarta and other cities in developing and
developed countries to identify the
research limitation from the existing
literature. This research collects primary and secondary data through grey and
academic literature reviews, semistructured
interviews, and electronic
surveys. The analysis of housing inequality
and the Balanced Housing policy's
effectiveness is based on house price
mappings around the selected TOD areas in
Jakarta, the electronic survey's findings
from the impacted communities, and the
perspectives of the experts, planners,
academics, private developers, and nonprofit
organisations on the Balanced
Housing policy's enforcement in
Jakarta.The research finds that despite
contributing to the housing production in
Jakarta, the Balanced Housing policy is still
ineffective in fostering inclusive
neighbourhoods and creating affordable
housing to address housing inequality in
Jakarta TOD areas. The research findings
and lessons learned from other countries
become the basis to provide some policy
suggestions for Indonesia's government to
make the current Balanced Housing and
conversion fund policy perform better,
including the need for creating a more
efficient planning process and
enforcement. This research also
recommends future studies involving
academics and experts to provide more
dialogues between academia and the
practitioners in view of the Balanced
Housing policy's effectiveness in Jakarta
TOD areas.
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