Cities are systems of production, consumption, and waste disposal that negatively impact our shared environment, and the current linear economic model of based on extracting raw materials, making single-use products, and disposing large quantities of materials is reaching its physical limitations. The circular economy (CE) has emerged as a tool to transition from a linear economic model where materials are made-used-disposed to a circular model where materials remain at their highest value for as long as possible. The circular economy challenges existing processes of making and linear models of economic growth that privilege systems of globalized mass production and consumption and re-centre localised production processes, broadly termed “urban manufacturing.” This dissertation uses London as a case study for mixedmethods, multi-scalar analysis at the city, borough, and firm level to investigate how cities can utilise the planning system to drive circular economic transformation. The most recent London Plan reflects the growing importance of implementationlevel spatial plans and attention to industry, and industrial land. London’s boroughs translate city-wide policies into placespecific waste management strategies, industrial land protection, and employment efforts to generate social, economic and environmental benefits of CE. London’s manufacturing activities are clustered in boroughs and regions, suggesting economic specialization, which boroughs can work to support. Transitioning to a circular economy requires nuanced understanding of the types of makers present in the city, government intervention to allocate adequate, affordable land for manufacturing activity, and design strategies to ensure manufacturing firms can thrive.